Hight Courts in India

Indian Polity

The High Courts In india : Seats and Jurisdictions

Here are the High Court of India List which help you to grow up your Knowledge in Indian Polity. These are the names of Indian High Court with its Year of Establishment, Territorial jurisdiction and seats of the High Court.

• Allahabad High Court :- Year of Establishment- 1866, Territorial Jurisdiction- Uttar Pradesh and Seat- Allahabad (Bench at lucknow).
• Andhra Pradesh High Court :- Year of Establishment- 1954, Territorial Jurisdiction- Andhra Pradesh and Seat- Hyderabad.
• Mumbai High Court :- Year of Establishment- 1862, Territorial Jurisdiction- Mharashtra, Dadar & Nagar haveli, Goa, Daman & Diu and Seat- Mumbai (Benches at nagpur, Panaji, Aurangabad).
• Kolkata High Court :- Year of Establishment- 1862, Territorial Jurisdiction- West Bengal, Andaman & nicobar Islands and Seat- Kolkata (Bench at Port Blair).
• Delhi High Court :- Year of Establishment- 1966, Territorial Jurisdiction- Delhi and Seat- Delhi.
• Guwahati High Court :- Year of Establishment- 1948, Territorial Jurisdiction- Assam, Nagaland, mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh and Seat- Guwahati (Benches at Kohima, Imphal, Agartala & Shilong).
• Gujarat High Court :- Year of Establishment- 1960, Territorial Jurisdiction- Gujarat and Seat- Ahemdabad.
• Himachal Pradesh :- Year of Establishment- 1966, Territorial Jurisdiction- Himachal pradesh and Seat- Shimla.
• Jammu & Kashmir High Court :- Year of Establishment- 1928, Territorial Jurisdiction- Jammu & Kashmir and Seat- Srinagar & Jammu.
• Karnataka High Court :- Year of Establishment- 1884, Territorial Jurisdiction- Karnataka and Seat- Bengluru.
• Kerala High Court :- Year of Establishment- 1958, Territorial Jurisdiction- Kerla & Lakshadweep and Seat- Ernakulam.
• Madhya Pradesh High Court :- Year of Establishment- 1956, Territorial Jurisdiction- Madhya Pradesh and Seat- Jabalpur (Bench at Indore and Gwalior).
• Madras High Court :- Year of Establishment- 1862, Territorial Jurisdiction- Tamil Nadu & Puducherry and Seat- Madras.
• Odisha High Court :- Year of Establishment- 1948, Territorial Jurisdiction- Odisha and Seat- Cuttack.
• Patna High Court :- Year of Establishment- 1916, Territorial Jurisdiction- Bihar and Seat- Patna. 
• Punjab & Haryana High Court :- Year of Establishment- 1975, Territorial Jurisdiction- Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh and Seat- Chandigarh.
• Rajasthan High Court :- Year of Establishment- 1949, Territorial Jurisdiction- Rajasthan and Seat- Jodhpur (Bench at Jaipur).
• Sikkim High Court :- Year of Establishment- 1975, Territorial Jurisdiction- Sikkim and Seat- Gangtok.
• Chhattisgarh High Court :- Year of Establishment- 2000, Territorial Jurisdiction- Chhattisgarh and Seat- Bilaspur.
• Uttarakhand High Court :- Year of Establishment- 2000, Territorial Jurisdiction- Uttarakhand and Seat- Nanital.
• Jharkhand High Court :- Year of Establishment- 2000, Territorial Jurisdiction- Jharkhand and Seat- Ranchi.
• Manipur High Court :- Year of Establishment- 2013, Territorial Jurisdiction- Manipur and Seat- Imphal.
• Meghalaya High Court :- Year of Establishment- 2013, Territorial Jurisdiction- Meghalaya and Seat- Shilong.
• Tripura High Court :- Year of Establishment- 2013, Territorial Jurisdiction- Tripura and Seat- Agartala.

Rivers of India Names

Geography

Rivers of India Names

Here are the names of some Important rivers of India, Its origin, in which it Falls Into and its lenght. These are some popular and important rivers of India which will help you to grow up your Knowledge.

some Important Rivers of India

• Ganges :- Its Origin- Combined Sources, It falls Into- Bay of Bengal and Its lenght is 2525 Km.
• Satluj :- Its Origin- Mansarovar Rakas Lakes, It falls Into- Chennab and Its lenght is 1050 Km.
• Indus :- Its Origin- Near Mansarovar Lake, It falls Into- Arabian Sea and Its lenght is 2880 Km.
• Ravi :- Its Origin- Kullu Hills near Rohtang Pass, It falls Into- Chenab and Its lenght is 720 Km.
• Beas :- Its Origin- Near Rohtang Pass, It falls Into- Satluj and Its lenght is 470 Km.
• Jhelum :- Its Origin- Verinag in Kashmir, It falls Into- Chenab and Its lenght is 725 Km.
• Yamuna :- Its Origin- Yamunotri, It falls Into- Ganga and Its lenght is 1375 Km.
• Chambal :- Its Origin- Madhya Pradesh, It falls Into- Yamuna and Its lenght is 1050 Km.
• Ghagra :- Its Origin- Matsatung Glacier, It falls Into- Ganga and Its lenght is 1080 Km.
• Kosi :- Its Origin- Near Gosain Dham Park, It falls Into- Ganga and Its lenght is 730 Km.
• Betwa :- Its Origin- Vindhyanchal, It falls Into- Yamuna and Its lenght is 480 Km.
• Som :- Its Origin- Amarkantak, It falls Into- Ganga and Its lenght is 780 Km.
• Brahmaputra :- Its Origin- Near Mansarovar Lake, It falls Into- Bay of Bengal and Its lenght is 2900 Km.
• Narmada :- Its Origin- Amarkantak, It falls Into- Gulf of Khambat and Its lenght is 1057 Km.
• Tapti :- Its Origin- Betul District of Madhya Pradesh, It falls Into- Gulf of Khambat and Its lenght is 724 Km.
• Mahandi :- Its Origin- Raipur District in Chattisgarh, It falls Into- Bay of Bengal and Its lenght is 858 Km.
• Luni :- Its Origin- Aravallis, It falls Into- Rann of Kuchchh and Its lenght is 450 Km.
• Ghaggar :- Its Origin- Himalayas, It falls Into- Near Fatehabad and Its lenght is 494 Km.
• Sabarmati :- Its Origin- Aravallis, It falls Into- Gulf of Khambat and Its lenght is 416 Km.
• Krishna :- Its Origin- Westen Ghats, It falls Into- Bay of Bengal and Its lenght is 1327 Km.
• Godavari :- Its Origin- Nasik Distric in Maharashtra, It falls Into- Bay of Bengal and Its lenght is 1465 Km.
• Canvery :- Its Origin- Brahmagir Range of Western Ghats, It falls Into- Bay of Bengal and Its lenght is 805 Km.
• Tungabhadra :- Its Origin- Western Ghats, It falls Into- Krishna River and Its lenght is 640 Km.
  

Prime Ministers of India

Indian Polity

Prime Ministers of India

Here are the list of Prime Minsters of India after India this List is very important and it will help you to grow up your Knowledge about Indian Prime Ministers.

1. Jawahar Lal Nehru :- Jawahar Lal Nehru was the First Prime Minister of India. He was born on 14 November 1889 and died on 27 May 1964. He was First Prime Minister of India From 15 August 1947 to 27 May 1964.
2. Gulzarilal Nanda :- Gulzarilal Nanda was the Second Prime Minister of India. He was born on 4 July 1898 and died on 15 July 1998. He was Second Prime Minister of India From 27 May 1964 to 9 June 1964.
3. Lal Bahdur Shastri :- Lal Bahdur Shastri was the Third Prime Minister of India. He was born on 2 Ocotber 1904 and died on 11 January 1966. He was Third Prime Minister of India From 9 June 1964 to 11 January 1966.
4. Gulzarilal Nanda :- Gulzarilal Nanda was the Second and also Fourth Prime Minister of India. He was born on 4 July 1898 and died on 15 July 1998. He was Second and also Fourth Prime Minister of India From 11 January 1966 to 24 January 1966.
5. Indira Gandhi :- Indira Gandhi was the Fifth Prime Minister of India. She was born on 19 November 1917 and died on 31 October 1984. She was Fith Prime Minister of India From 24 January 1966 to 24 March 1977.
6. Morarji Desai :- Morarji Desai was the Sixth Prime Minister of India. He was born on 29 February 1896 and died on 10 April 1995. He was Sixth Prime Minister of India From 24 March 1977 to 28 july 1979.
7. Charan Singh :- Charan Singh was the Seventh Prime Minister of India. He was born on 23 December 1902 and died on 29 May 1987. He was Seventh Prime Minister of India From 28 July 1979 to 14 January 1980.
8. Indira Gandhi :- Indira Gandhi was the Fifth and Eightth Prime Minister of India. She was born on 19 November 1917 and died on 31 October 1984. She was Fith and eightth Prime Minister of India From 14 January 1980 to 31 October 1984.
9. Rajiv Gandhi :- Rajiv Gamdhi was the Ninth Prime Minister of India. He was born on 20 August 1944 and died on 21 May 1991. He was Ninth Prime Minister of India From 31 October to 02 December1989.
10. Vishwanath Pratap Singh :- Vishwanath Pratap Singh was the Tenth Prime Minister of India. He was born on 25 June 1931 and died on 27 November 2008. He was Tenth Prime Minister of India From 2 December 1989 to 10 November 1990.
11. Chandra Shekhar :- Chandra Shekhar was the Eleventh Prime Minister of India. He was born on 1 July 1927 and died on 8 July 2007. He was Eleventh Prime Minister of India From 10 November 1990 to 21 June 1991.
12. P.V. Narsimha Rao :- P.V. Narsimha Rao was the Twelvth Prime Minister of India. He was born on 28 June 1921 and died on 23 December 2004. He was Twelvth Prime Minister of India From 21 June 1991 to 16 May 1996.
13. Atal Bihari Vajpayee :-Atal Bihari Vajpayee was the Thirtennth Prime Minister of India. He was born on 25 December1924 and died on 16 August 2018. He was Thirteenth Prime Minister of India From 16 May 1996 to 01 June 1996.
14. H.D. Deve Gowda  :-Haradanahalli Dodegowda Deve Gowda was the Fourteenth Prime Minister of India. He was born on 18 May 1933 . He was Fourteenth Prime Minister of India From 01 June 1996 to 21 April 1997.
15. Inder Kumar Gujral :-Indar Kumar Gujral was the Fifteenth Prime Minister of India. He was born on 04 December 1919 and died on 30 November 2012. He was Fifteenth Prime Minister of India From 21 April 1997 to 19 March 1998.
16. Atal Bihari Vajpayee :-Atal Bihari Vajpayee was the Thirtennth and Sixteenth Prime Minister of India. He was born on 25 December1924 and died on 16 August 2018. He was Thirteenth and Sixteenth Prime Minister of India From 16 May 1998 to 22 May 2004.
17. Dr. Manmoha Singh :-Dr. Manmohan singh was the Seventeenth Prime Minister of India. He was born on 26 September 1932 . He was Seventeenth Prime Minister of India From 22 May 2004 to 26 May 2014.
18. Narendra Modi :-Narendra Modi was the Eighteenth Prime Minister of India. He was born on 17 September 1950. He was Eighteenth Prime Minister of India From 26 May 2014 Till Now.

Vice President of India

Indian Polity

Vice President of India

Here is the list of Vice President of India and This list is very Impornant and Help you to get Knowledge about Indian Polity and Knowledge about Vice President of India.

1. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan :- Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was the First Vice President of India. He was born on 5 September 1888 and died on 17 April 1975 . He was First Vice President of president of India From 13 May 1952 to 12 May 1962.
2. Zakir Hussain :- Zakir Hussain was the Second Vice President of India. He was born on 8 Febraury 1897 and died on 3 May 1969 . He was Second Vice President of president of India From 13 May 1962 to 12 May 1962.
3. Varahagiri Venkata Giri :- Varahagiri Venkata Giri was the Third Vice President of India. He was born on 10 August 1894 and died on 24 June 1974. He was Third Vice President of president of India From 13 May 1967 to 03 May 1969.
4. Gopal Swarup Pathak :- Gopal Swarup Pathak was the Fourth Vice President of India. He was born on 26 February 1896 and died on 4 October 1982. He was Fourth Vice President of president of India From 31 August 1969 to 30 August 1974.
5. Basappa Danppa Jatti :- Basappa Danppa Jatti was the Fifth Vice President of India. He was born on 10 September 1912 and died on 7 June 2002. He was Fifth Vice President of president of India From 31 August 1974 to 30 August 1979.
6. Mohammad Hidayatulah :- Mohammad Hidayatulah was the Sixth Vice President of India. He was born on 17 December 1905 and died on 18 September 1992. He was Sixth Vice President of president of India From 31 August 1979 to 30 August 1984.
7. Ramaswamy Venkataraman :- Ramaswamy Venkataraman was the Sevent Vice President of India. He was born on 4 December 1910 and died on 27 January 2009. He was Seventh Vice President of president of India From 31 August 1984 to 24 July 1987.
8. Shankar Dayal Sharma :- Shankar Dayal Sharma was the Eightth Vice President of India. He was born on 19 August 1918 and died on 26 December 1999. He was Eightth Vice President of president of India From 3 September 1987 to 24 July 1992.
9. Kocheril Raman Naraynan :- Kocheril Raman Naraynan was the Nineth Vice President of India. He was born on 27 October 1921 and died on 9 November 2005. He was Nineth Vice President of president of India From 21 August 1992 to 24 July 1997.
10. Krishan Kant :- Krishan Kant was the Tenth Vice President of India. He was born on 28 Febrauary 1927 and died on 27 July 2002. He was Tenth Vice President of president of India From 21 August 1997 to 27 July 2002.
11. Bhairon Singh Shekhawat :- Bhairon Singh Shekhawat was the Eleventh Vice President of India. He was born on 23 October 1923 and died on 15 May 2010. He was Eleventh Vice President of president of India From 19 August 2002 to 21 July 2007.
12. Mohammad Hamid Ansari :- Mohammad Hamid Ansari was the Twelvth Vice President of India. He was born on 1 April 1937. He was Twelvth Vice President of president of India From 11 August 2007 to 10 August 2017.
13. Venkaiah Naidu :- Venkaiah Naidu was the Thirteenth Vice President of India. He was born on 1 July 1949. He was Thirteenth Vice President of president of India From 11 August 2017 till now.

President of India List

Indian Polity

President Of India List

Here is the List of President of India after Independence and thier tenure. This list will help you to know about the President of India.

1. Dr. Rajendra Prasad :- Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the First President of India and was and Indian Political leader, and Lawyer by Training. He was born on 3rd December 1884 and died on 28th Febraury 1963 at the age of 78. He was First president of India From 26 January 1950 to 13 may 1962.
2. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan :- Dr. S. Radhakrishnan was the  Second President of India and was and Indian Political leader, and Indian Philosopher and Statesman. He was born on 5 September 1888 and died on 17  April 1975. He was Second president of India From 13 May 1962 to 13 may 1967 and he also served as the First vice President of India.  
3. Dr. Zakir Husain :- Dr. Zakir Husain was the Third President of India and was Governor of Bihar from 1957 to 1962. He was born on 8 February 1897 and died on 3 May 1969. He was Third president of India From 13 May 1967 Untill his Death on 3 may 1969.
4. Shri Varahagir Venkata Giri :- Shri Varahagir Venkata Giri was the Fourth President of India and was Only person to be elected as an Independent Candidate. He was born on 10 August 1894 and died on 24 June 1980. He was Fourth president of India From 24 August 1969 to 24 August 1974.
5. Shri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed :- Shri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was the Fifth President of India and was 2nd President of India to die in Office. He was born on 13 May 1905 and died on 11 February 1977. He was Fifth president of India From 24 August 1974 to 11 February 1977. 
6. Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy :- Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was the Sixth President of India. He was born on 19 May 1913 and died on 1 June 1996. He was Sixth president of India From 25 July 1977 to 25 July 1982. 
7. Shri Giani Zail Singh :- Shri Giani Zail Singh was the Seventh President of India. He was born on 5 May 1916 and died on 25 December 1994. He was Seventh president of India From 25 July 1982 to 25 July 1987. 
8. Shri R. Venkataraman :- Shri R. Venkataraman was the Eight President of India. He was born on 4 December 1910 and died on 27 January 2009. He was Eight president of India From 25 July 1987 to 25 July 1992. 
9. Shri S,D. Sharma :- Shri Shankar Dayal Sharma was the Ninth President of India. He was born on 19 August 1918 and died on 26 December 1999. He was Ninth president of India From 25 July 1992 to 25 July 1997. 
10. Shri Kocheril Raman Narayanan :- Shri K.R. Narayanan was the Tenth President of India. He was born on 27 October 1921 and died on 9 November 2005. He was Tenth president of India From 25 July 1997 to 25 July 2002. 
11. Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam :- Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam was the Eleventh President of India. He was born on 15 October 1931 and died on 27 July 1015. He was Eleventh president of India From 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007.
12. Pratibha Patil :-  Pratibha Patil was the Twelvth President of India. He was born on 19 December 1934 . He was Twelvth president of India From 25 July 2007 to 25 July 2012.
13. Pranab Mukherjee :- Pranab Mukherjee was the thirteenth President of India. He was born on 11 December 1935 . He was Thirteenth president of India From 25 July 2012 to 25 July 2017.
14. Ram Nath Kovind :- Ram Nath Kovind was the Forteenth President of India. He was born on 1 October 1945 . He was Fourteenth president of India From 25 July 2017 till now.

Provisions of Constitutions and their Sources

Indian Polity

Provisions of Constitution and their Sources

Here are some important Provisions of Constitution and their Sources which are very popular and very important for competitive exams. These are some Important Chemical Provisions of Constitution and their Sources. 

• The Preamble :- U.S.A Constitution
• President as Exucutive head :- U.S.A Constitution
• President as Supreme commander of the Armed Forces :- U.S.A. Constitution
• Vice president as the ex-officio Chairman of the Council of States :- U.S.A Constittion
• Fundamental Rights :- U.S.A Constitution
• Independence of Judiciary :- U.S.A Constitution
• Judicial review :- U.S.A. Constitution
• Removal of Supreme Court and High Court Judges :- U.S.A. Constitution
• Concept of Due Process of Law :- U.S.A. Constitution
•  Concept of Equal Protection of Law :- U.S.A. Consitution
• Concept of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) :- U.S.A Constitution
• Fundamental Duties :- Japan and USSR
• Concept of Republic :- French Constitution
• Rule of Law :- U.K. Constitution
• Concept of Equality before Law :- U.K. Constitution
• Concept of Procedure Established by Law :- U.K. Constitution
• Office of Comptroller and Auditor General :- U.K. Constitution
• Concept of Writs :- U.K. Constitution
• Law making Procedure :- U.K. Constitution
• System of Single Citizenship :- U.K. Constitution
• Parliamentary form of Government :- U.K. Constitution
• Directive Principles of State Policy :- Irish Constitution
• Nomination of Members of Rajya Sabha by the President :- Irish Constitution
• Federation with srong Centre :- Canadian Constitution
• Distribution of powers between Union and the States and Placing Residuary powers with the Centre :- Canadian Constitution
• The concurrent List :- Australian Constitution
• Provision regarding trade, Commerce and Intercourse :- Australian Constitution
• Constitutional Amendment :- South African Constitution
• Emergency and its effect on Fundamental Rights :- Weimar Constitution of Germany

These are some Important Provisions of Constitution and their Sources of India that will furnish up your Knowledge in Indian Polity.

Chemical Name of Some Common Compounds

Chemical Name of Some Compounds

Here are some important Chemical Name of some Compounds  which are very popular and very important for competitive exams. These are some Important Chemical Name of Some Compounds. 

• Alcohol:-Ethyl Alcohol
• Alum:-Potassium Aluminium Sulphate
• Alumina:- Aluminium oxide
• Aqua Regia:- Nitrohydrochloric Acid
• Aspirin:- Acetylsalicyllic Acid
• Baking Soda:- Sodium Bicarbonate
• Banana Oil(artificial):- Isoamyl Acetate
•  Bicarbonate of Soda:- Sodium hydrogen Carbonate or Sodium bicarbonate
• Balck ash:- Crude form of Sodium Carbonate
• Bleaching Powder:- Chlrinated Lime; Calcium hypochlorite
•  Bone Ash:- Crude Calcium Phosphate
•  Borax:- Decahydrate
• Brine:- Aueous Soduum Chloride Solution
• Calomel:- Mercury chloride; mercurous chloride
•  Carbolic Acid:- Phenol
• Caustic Potach:- Potassum hydroxide
• Caustic Soda:- Sodium hydroxide
• Chalk:- Calcium Carbonate
• Chile Saltpeter:- Sodium Nitrate
•  Chile Nitre:- Sodium Nitrate
• Copperas:- Ferrous Sulfate
• Cream of tartar:- Potassium Bitartrate
•  Ethanol:- Ethyl Alcohol
• Fixed White:- Barium Sulfate 
• Galena:- Natural lead Sulfide
• Glauber's Salt:- Sodium sulfate
• Green yerditer:- Basic copper carbonate
• Green vitriol:- Ferrous Sulfate Crystals
• Gypsum:- Natural Calcium Sulphate
• Hypo(photography):- Sodium thiosulfate solution
• Laughing gas:- Nitrous oxide
• Lime:- Calcium Oxide
• Lunar Caustic:- Silver nitrate
• Methanol:-Methyl Alcohol
• Milk of Magnesuim:- Magnesuim hydroxide
• Oil of vitriol:- Sulfuric Acid
• Oil of Wintergreen:- Methyl Salicylate
• Orthophosphoric acid:- phosphorc acid
• Paris Blue:- Ferric Ferrocynide
• Paris Green:-Copper Acetoarsenite
• Paris White:- Powdered Calcium Carbonate
• Pearl Oil:- Isoamyl Acetate
• Pearl Ash:- Potassum Carbonate
• Pemanent White:- Barium Sulfate
• Plaster of Paris:- Calcium Sulfate
• Precipitated chalk:-  Calcum Carbonate
• Quicklime:- Calcium Oxide
• Quicksilver:- Mercury
• Rock Salt:- Sodium Chloride
• Saltpeter:- Potassuim Nitrate
• Soda Ash:- Sodium Cabonate
• Soda Nitre:- Sodium Nitrate
•  Sugar:- Sucrose
• Vinegar:- Impure Dilute Acetic Acid
• Vitamin C:- Ascorbic Acid
• Vitiol:- Sulfuric Acid
• Washing Soda:- Sodium Carbonate
• Water Glass:- Sodium Silicate
• White Caustic:- Sodium hydroxide
• White lead:- Basic lead carbonate
• White bitriol:- Zinc Sulfate Crystals
• Yellow Prussiate of Potash:- Potassium Frrocyanide
• Yellow Prussiate of soda:- Sodium Ferrocyanide
• Zinc Vitriol:- Zinc Sulfate 
• Zinc white:- Zinc Oxide

These are some important Name of chemical name of some compounds and help you to grow up your Science Knowledge.

Maths Short Tricks

Mathematics

Best Short Tricks for Maths

Short Trick  

Short Trick for the Square of the Digit Ends with 5

• When a digit or number ends with 5 then please use this fastest trick for quick results

First example:

For example: Let the number be (65)^2 i.e. the square of 65

First Step: The trick is that, first square the ones digit i.e. 5 and the square of 5 is 25

Second Step: Then multiply the tens digit number to the number next to it. 

here, the number on tense digit is 6. So, we multiply 6 with 7 i.e. 6×7=42

Third Step: Then Combine the both results i.e. 4225. Now, the square of 65 is 4225.

This is the easiest and simplest Short trick of maths to calcute the square of the digit ends up with 5.

Second example:

For example: Let the number be (135)^2 i.e. the square of 135

First Step: The trick is that, first square the ones digit i.e. 5 and the square of 5 is 25

Second Step: Then multiply the tens digit number to the number next to it. 

here, the number on tense digit is 6. So, we multiply 13 with 14 i.e. 13×14=182

Third Step: Then Combine the both results i.e. 18225. Now, the square of 135 is 18225.

This is the easiest and simplest Short trick of maths to calcute the square of the digit ends up with 5

Decimal Concept.

First example:

For example: Let the number be (.85)^2 i.e. the square of .85

First Step: The trick is that, first square the ones digit i.e. 5 and the square of 5 is 25

Second Step: Then multiply the tens digit number to the number next to it. 

here, the number on tense digit is 6. So, we multiply 8 with 9 i.e. 8×9=72

Third Step: Then Combine the both results i.e. 7225. Now, the square of 85 is 7225.

Fourth Step: Now, the Decimal Concept is that the Decimal is placed before two digit i.e. .85 and now is 2 is mulplies by the power the i.e. 2×2=4. Now, Place the decimal before four digit in the result or the answer. The Square of .85 will be 0.7225. 

Second example:

For example: Let the number be (.145)^2 i.e. the square of .145

First Step: The trick is that, first square the ones digit i.e. 5 and the square of 5 is 25

Second Step: Then multiply the tens digit number to the number next to it. 

here, the number on tense digit is 6. So, we multiply 8 with 9 i.e. 14×15=210

Third Step: Then Combine the both results i.e. 7225. Now, the square of 145 is 21025.

Fourth Step: Now, the Decimal Concept is that the Decimal is placed before three digit i.e. .145 and now is 2 is mulplies by the power the i.e. 3×2=6. Now, Place the decimal before four digit in the result or the answer. The Square of 145 will be 0.021025.

These are Some Short Tricks of Maths that will definitely help you. 

This is best Maths Short Trick to get quickest results.

Thank you. 

First in india (Female)

General Knowledge

First in India (Female)

Here are some important Female names which are very popular and very important for competitive exams. These are some First in India (Female).

• The First Lady to become Miss World:- Reita Faria
• The First Women judge in Supreme Court:- Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi
• The First women Governor of State in Free India:- Sarojini Naidu
• The First woman to climb Mount Everest:- Bachhendri Pal
• The First woman to climb Mount Everest Twice:- Santosh Yadav
• The First woman President of Indian National Congress:- Annnie Besant
• The first Woman Airline Pilot:- Durga Benerjee
• The First Woma Asian Games Gold Medal Winner:- Kamlijit Sandhu
•  The first woman President of United Nations Genral Assembluy:- Vijaya Laxmi Pandit
•  The First woman Chief minister of an Indian State:- Sucheta Kripalani
• The First Woman Director General of Police:-Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya
• The First Woman judge:- Anna Chandy
• The first woman Chief Justice of High Court:- Leela Seth
• The First woman Judge in Supreme Court of India:- Kumari Justice M. Fathima Beevi
•  The first woman Leiutenant General:- Punneta Arora
•  The first woman Air Vice Marshal:- P. Bandopadhyaya
•  The First woman Chaiperson India Airlines:- Sushma Chawla
• The first woman IPS officer:- Kiran Bedi
• The first and Last Muslim woman ruler of India:- Razia Sultan
•  The first woman to receive Gyanpith Award:- Ashapurna Devi
•  The first woman to cross English Channel:- Arati Saha
•  The First woman to receive Nobel Price:- Mother Teresa
•  The first woman to receive Bharat Ratna:- Indira Gandhi 

 These are some importane female names and First in India Female (names)

First In India (Male)

General Knowledge

First in India (Male)

Here are some important Female names which are very popular and very important for competitive exams. These are some First in India (Male).

• The First British Governor General of India:- Lord William Bentinck (1833-1835)
• The first British Viceroy of India:- Lord Canning(1856-1862)
• The first Governor General of free India:- Lord Mountbatten(1947-1948)
• The first and Last Indian to be Governor of free India:- C. Rajgopalachari(1948-1950)
• The First President of Indian Republic:- Dr. Rajendra Prasad
• The first President of India Republic:- Pt. Jawahar lal Nehru
• The first Indian to win Nobel Prize:- Rabindranath Tagor
• The First President of Indian National Congress:- W.C. Benerjee
• The First Muslim President of Indian National Congress:- Badruddin Tayyabji
• The First Muslim President of India:- Dr. Zakir Hussain
• The first Indian to join the I.C.S.:- Satyendra Nath Tagor
• India's first man in Space:- Rakesh Sharma 
• The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India:-General Cariappa
• The first Chief of Army Staff:- Gen. Maharaj Rajendra Singhji
• The first President of India who died while in office:- Dr. Zakir Hussain 
• The first Field Marshal of India:- S.H.F. Manekshaw
• The First Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics:- C.V. Raman
• The First India to recieve Bharat Ratna Award:- Dr. Radhakrishnan
• The First Indian to cross English Channel:- Mihir Sen
•  The First Speaker of the Lok Sabha:- Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar
• The First Vice-President of India:- Dr. Radhakrishnan
•  The first Person to get Param Vir Chakra:- Major Somnath Sharma
• The First Chief Election Commissioner:- Sukumar Sen
•  The first person to receive Magsaysay Award:- Acharya Vinoba Bhave
• The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in medicine:- Hargoving Khurana
• The first Chinese Traveller to visit India:- Fa-hein
•  The First person to receive Stalin Prize:- Saifuddin kitchlu
•  The First person to resign from the Central Cabinet:- Shyama prasad Mukherjee
• The First person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics:- Amartya Sen
• The First Chief Justice of Supreme Court:- Justice Hirala J. Kania
• The First Indian Pilot:- J.R.D. Tata

These are some Important names and some First in India (male) names which are helpful in enhancing General Knowledge.

National Parks in India

General Knowledge

National Parks in India

Here are the names of some important National Parks in India. These National parks are very popular and very important for competitive exams

1.  Bandipur National Park(1974):- Karnataka
2. Bannerghatta National Park(1974):- Karnataka
3. Betla National Part(1986):- Jharkhand
4. Bhitarkanika National Park(1988):- Odisha
5. Buxa Tiger Reserve(1992):- West Bengal
6. Dachigan National Park(1981:- Jammu & Kashmir 
7. Dudhwa National Park(1977):- Uttar Pradesh
8. Gir Forest National Park(1965):- Gujarat
9. Great Himalayan National Park(1984):- Himachal Pradesh
10. Gulf o Mfannar Marine National Park(1980):- Tamil Nadu
11. Indravati National Park(1981):- Chhattisgarh
12. Jaldapara National Park(2012):- West Bengal 
13. Jim Corbett National Park(1936):- Uttarakhand
14. Kanha National Park(1955):-Madhya Pradesh
15. Kaziranga National Park(1905):- Assam
16. Keibul Lamjao National Park(1977):- Manipur
17. Keoladeo National Park(1981):- Rajasthan
18. Manas National Park(1990):- Assam
19. Mandla Plant Fossils National Park(1983):-Madhya Pradesh
20. Marine National, Gulf of Kutch(1980):- Gujrat
21. Namdapha National Park(1974):- Arunachal Pradesh
22. Nanda Devi National Park(1982):- Uttarakhand
23. Neora Valley National Park(1986):- West Bengal 
24. Nokrek National Park(1986):-Maghalaya
25. Valley of Flowers National Park(1982):- Uttarakhand
26. Sundarbans National Park(1984):- West Bengal
27. Sultanpur National Park(1989):- Haryana
28. Simlipal National Park(1980) Odisha
29. SariskaTiger Reserve(1955):- Rajasthan  
30. Ranthambore National Park(1981):- Rajasthan
31. Periya Natioanl Park(1982):- Kerala

Hope, these important names of National parks will help you in enhancing General Knowledge.

Highest in India

General Knowledge

Highest in India

Here are some important names which are Highest in India and very important for competitive exams. These are some Highest in India Names.

1. Highest Award:- Bharat Ratna
2. Highest Gallantry Award:- Param Vir Chakra
3. Longest River in India:- The Ganges
4. Longest Tributary river of India:- Yamuna
5. Largest Lake:- Wular Lake, Kashmir
6. Largest Lake(Saline Water):- Chilka Lake, Odisha
7.  Largest Man-Made Lake:- Govind Vallabh Pant Sagar
8. Largest Fresh Water Lake:- Kolleru Lake
9. Highest Lake:- Devtal Lake
10. Highest Peak:- Karkoram-2 of K-2
11. Largest Populated City:- Mumbai
12. Largest State(Area):- Rajasthan
13. Largest State(Population):-Uttar Pradesh
14. Highest rainfall:- Masinram
15. Highest Water Fall:- Nohkalikai Falls in Shora
16. State wise largest area under forest:-Madhya Pradesh
17. Largest Delta:- Sunderbans Delta
18. Largest River without Delta:- Narmada and Tapti
19. Longest Cantilever Span bridge:- Howrah Bridge
20. Longest River Bridge:- Mahatma Gandhi Setu, Patna
21. Biggest Cave Temple:-Ellora
22. Longest Road:- Grand Trunk Road
23. Highest Road:- Road at Khardungla
24.  Biggest Mosque:-Jama Masjid at Delhi
25. Highest Statue:- Statue of Gomateshwar
26. Largest Public Sector Bank of India:- State Bank of India
27. Longest Canal:-Indira Gandhi Canal or Rajasthan Canal
28. Largest Dome:- Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur
29. Largest Zoo:- Zoological Garden at Alipur(Kolkata)
30.  Largest Museum:- India museum at Kolkata
31. Longest Dam:-Hirakund Dam(Orissa) 
32. Highest Dam:- Tehrj Dam
33. Highest Tower:- Kutub Minar at Delhi
34. Largest Desert:- Thar(Rajasthan)
35. Largest District:- Kutch district(Gujrat)
36. Fastest Train:- Shatabadi Express running between New Delhi and Bhopal
37. State with Longest Coastline:- Gujrat
38. State with coastline of South India:- Andhra Pradesh
39. Longest Electric Railway line:- From Delhi to Kolkat via Patna
40. Longest Railway Route:- From Assam to Kanyakumari
41. Longest Railway Platforms:- Gorakhpur(U.P.)
42. Highest Railway Station:- Ghum(West Bengal)
43. Longest Tunnel:- Jawahar tunnel (Jammu & Kashmir)
44. Smalleste State(Population):- Sikkim
45. Smallest State(Area):- Goa
46. Laargest Cave:- Amarnath
47. Largest Cave Temple:- Kailash Temple, Ellora(Maharashtra)
48. Largest Animal Fair:- Sonepur (Bihar)
49. Largest Auditorium:- Sri Sahnmukhanand Hall(Mumbai)
50. Biggest Hotel:- Oberai-Sheratom(Mumbai)
51. Largest Port:- Mumbai
52. Largest Gurudwara:- Golden Temple(Amirtsar)
53. Deepest River Valley:- Bagirathi& Alaknanda
54. Largest Church:- Saint Cathedral
55. Largest River Island:-Majuli(Brahmaputra River)

These are very important General Knowlege and these are very helpful topic Highest in India if you are preparing for competitive exams.

Facts About Banking System in India

Banking Awareness

FACTS ABOUT BANKING SYSTEM IN INDIA

Here are some important facts About Banking system in India which are very popular and very important for competitive exams. These are some Important Facts about Banking System in India.

• First Bank established in India:-Bank of Hindustan in 1770
• Second bank established in India:-General Bank of India in 1786
• The first bank in India given an ISO Certification:- Canara Bank
• The first bank in Northern India getting ISO 9002certification for their selected branches:- Punjab and Sind Bank
• The first Indian bank to have been started solely with Indian capital:- Punjab National Bank 
• India's oldest, largest and most successful commercial bank, offering the widest possible range of domestic, international and NRI products and services, through its vast network in India and overseas:- State Bank of India
• The first among the private sector banks in Kerala to become a scheduled bank in 1946 under the RBI Act:- South Indian Bank 
• Bank which started as private shareholders Banks, mostly Europeans and shareholder:- Imperial Bank of India
• India's second largest private sector bank and is now the largest scheduled commercial bank in India:- The Federal Bank Limited
• The First Indian Bank to open a branch outside India in London in  1946 and the first to open a branch in continental Europe in Paris in 1974:- Bank Of India
• The oldest Public Sector Bank in India having branches all over India and serving the customers for the last 132 years.:-Allahabad Bank 
• The First Indian Commercial Bank which was wholly owned and managed by Indians:- Central Bank of India 
• Oldest Bank in India originated in the Bank of Calcutta in June 1806 whic was still in existence:- State Bank of India 
• First Governor of RBI:- Mr. Osborne Smith
• First Indian Governor of RBI:- Mr. CD Deshmukh
• First bank to introduce savings acoount in India:- Presidency Bank in 1833
• First bank to introduce cheque system in India:-Bengal Bank in 1833
• First bank to introduce internet banking:- ICICI Bank 
• First bank to introduce mutual Fund:- State Bank of India 
• First Bank to introduce credit Card in India:- Central Bank of India
• Which cards are Known as Plastic money:- Credit Cards
• Open Market operations are cariied out by:- RBI
• Capital market Regulator is :-SEBI
• Largest Commercial Bank in India:- State Bank of India
• The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development  is:- World Bank 
• India's first Financial Archive has been set up at:- Kolkata
• The Bank which has launched Mobile Bank Accounts in association with Vodafon's M-paisa:- HDFC Bank
• Minimum Money transfer llimit through RTGS:-2 Lakhs 
• Maximum Money transfer limit through RTGS:- No Limit 
• Minimum and Maximum Money transfer limit through NEFT:- No limit 
• MABARD was established in:- July, 1982
• Largest Public sector Bank in India:- SBI
• Largest Private sector Bank in India:-ICICI Bank
• First RRB named Prathama Grameen Bank was started by:- Syndicate Bank 
• First Bank to introduce ATM in India:- HSBC
• FDI limit for new banks:- 49%
• FDI limit for Private Banks:- 74%

These Important facts About Banking will definitely help you in Preparation for Banking Exams.

UNESCO World Heritage Site in India 2018

General Knowledge

UNESCO  world Heritage Sites in India

Here are some important UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India names which are very popular and very important for competitive exams. These are some UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

1. Ajanta Caves (Maharashtra):-1983
2. Ellora Caves (Maharashtra):-1983
3. Taj Mahal (Uttar Pradesh):-1983
4. Agra Fort(Uttar Pradesh):-1983
5. Sun Temple Konark (Odisha):-1984
6. Mahabalipuram Temples (Tamil Nadu):-1985
7. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, Bharatpur (Rajasthan):-1985
8. Kaziranga Naional Park (Assam):-1985
9. Keoladeo National Park Bharatpur (Rajasthan):-1985
10. Churches in Goa (Goa):-1986
11. Khajuraho Temples (Madhya Pradesh):-1986
12. Fatehpur Sikri (Uttar Pradesh):-1986
13. Hampi Temple (Karnataka):-1986
14. Sunderban National Park (West Bengal):-1987
15. Elephanta Caves (Maharashtra):-1987
16. Nanda Devi National Parks (Uttarkhand):-1988
17. Sanchi Stupa (Madhya Pradesh):-1989
18. Humayun's Tomb (Delhi):-1993
19. Qutub Minar (Delhi):-1993
20. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (West Bengal):-1999
21. Mahabondhi Temple (Bihar):-2002
22. Rock Shelters of Bhimbetaka (Madhya Pradesh):-2003
23. Airavatesvara Temple (Darasuram):-2004
24. Champaner (Gujrat):-2004
25. Valley of Flowers (Uttarakhand):-2005
26. Nilgiri Mountain Railway (Tamil Nadu):-2004
27. Red Fort (Delhi):-2007
28. Kalka-Shimla Railway (Himachal Pradesh):-2008
29. Jantar Mantar (Jaipur):-2010
30. Western Ghat:-2012
31. Hill Forts of Rajasthan:-2013
32. Rani ki Vav (Gujrat):-2014
33. Great Himalayan National Park (Himachal Pradesh):-2014

These are some Popular UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India which will enhance your General Knowledge.

International Awards

General Knowledge

International Awards

Here are some important International Award names which are very popular and very important for competitive exams. These are International Award Names.

Nobel Prize

• It was set up in 1895 under the will of Alfred Nobel 
• The Nobel Prizes are presented annually on 10 December. 

It is Given in the fields of Peace, literature, Physics Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine and Economics. 

Pultizer Prize

* It is Instituted in 1917 and named after US publisher Joseph Pulitzer.

* It is conferred annually in the United States for the accomplishments in journalism, literature and music. 

Magsaysay Awards

* It is Instituted in 1957 and named after Ramon Magsaysay, the former President of Philippines

* The award is given annually on August 31, the birth anniversary of Magsaysay, for outstanding contribution in Public Service, Community Leadership, Journalism, Literature and Creative Arts and International Understanding.

Man Booker Prize

* It is Instituted in 1968, is the highest literary award of the world. Set up by the Booker Company and the British Publishers Association along the lines of the Pulitzer Prize of USA.

Right Livelihood Award

 * The Right Livelihood Award was established in 1980. 

* It is also referred as "Alternative Nobel Prize". 

* It is given to honour those " working on practical and exemplary solution to the most urgent challenges facing the world today.  

Oscar Awards

* Instituted in 1929, are conferred annually by the Academy or Motion Pictures, Arts and Sciences, USA, in recognition of outstanding contribution in the various fields of film making. 

UN Human Right Award

* This Award is Instituted in 1966, this is given every 5 years for individual contribution to the establishment of human rights. 

UNESCO Madanjeet Singh Prize

* This Award is Instituted by UNESCO for the promotion of tolerance and non-violence on the occasion of the UN Year of Tolerance and the 125th birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi funded by a donation from Madanjeet Singh. 

These are some Important International Awards Names. These are important in preparation for comptetitive exams.

Important Days of The Year

General Knowledge

Important Days of The Year

Here are some important Important days of the Year names which are very popular and very important for competitive exams. These are some Important Days of the Year.

1. 9th January: NRI Day
2. 12th January: National Youth Day
3. 15th January: Indian Army Day
4. 25th January: National Tourism Day
5. 26th January: Republic Day
6. 30th January: Martyr's Day
7. 4th February: World Cancer Day
8. 14th February: St. Valentine's Day
9. 21st February: International Mother Language Day
10. 28th February: National Science Day
11. 8th March: International Women's Day and Mother's Day
12. 15th March: World Consumer Rights Day
13. 23rd March: World Meteorological Day
14. 24th March: World Tuberculosis Day
15. 27th March: World Theatre Day
16. 7th April: World Health day
17. 18th April: World Heritage Day
18. 22nd April: World Earth Day
19. 25th April: World Malaria Day
20. 1st May: International Labour Day
21. 3rd May: Internationall energy Day/World press freedom day
22. 8th May: World Red Cross Day/World NRI bird Day
23. 17th May: World Telecommunications Day
24. 21st May: Anti-terrorism Day
25. 31st May: World No Tobacco Day
26. 5th June: World Environment Day
27. 20th June: International Refugee Day
28. 21st June: International Yoga Day
29. 23rd June: International Olympic Day
30. 27th June: World Diabetes Day
31. 1st July: Indian State Bank Establishment Day
32. 11th July: World Population Day
33. 26th July: Kargil Victory Day
34. 28th July: World Hepatitis Day/World Nature Conservation Day
35. 29th July: International Tigar Day
36. 30th July: International Day of Friendship
37. 6th August: Hiroshima Day
38. 12th August: International Youth Day
39. 15th August: India's Independence Day
40. 29th August: National Sports Day
41. 5th September: Teacher's Day
42. 8th September: International Literacy Day
43. 14th September: Hindi Day
44. 15th September: World Engineer's Day
45. 16th September: World Ozone Day
46. 21st September: World Alzymer Day
47. 24th September: Girl Child Day
48. 25th September: Social Justice Day
49. 27th September: World Tourism Day
50. 2nd October: Gandhi Shastri Jayanti
51. 3rd October: World Habitat Day
52. 8th October: National Air Force Day
53. 9th October: World Postal Day
54. 16th October: World Food Day
55. 31st October: National Integration Day
56. 7th November: World Cancer Awareness Day
57. 11th November: National Education Day
58. 14th November: Children's Day
59. 17th November: National Journalism Day
60. 21st November: World fisheries Day
61. 26th November: National Milk Day
62. 30th November: Flag Day
63. 7th December: Armed Forces Day
64. 10th December: World Human Rights Day
65. 14th December: National Energy Conservation Day
66. 16th December: Vijay Diwas
67. 22nd December: National Mathematics Day
68. 23rd December: Kisan Diwas (Farmer's Day)

These are very helpful and Important days of the Year which will help you  to enhance your Knowledge.

Trophies Associated with Sports

General Knowledge

International Trophies Associated with Sports 

Here are some important International Trophies Associated with Sports  names which are very popular and very important for competitive exams. These are some Important International Trophies Asoociated with Sports.

1. Nehru Trophy                  -                  Hockey
2. American Cup                  -                Yatch Racing
3. Ashes Cup                         -                Cricket 
4. Azlan Shan                       -               Hockey 
5. US Masters                       -                Golf 
6. Malaysian Open              -                Badminton 
7. Tata Open                         -                 Lawn Tennis 
8. British Open                     -                Golf 
9. Masters Champions Trophy-        Hockey
10. Wimbledon                      -               Lawn Tennis 
11. Australian Open              -                Lawn Tennis
12. French Open                    -               Lawn Tennis 
13. US Open                            -                 Lawn Tennis 
14. Uber cup                                           World Badm-                                                                  inton(women)
15. Thomas Cup                     -               World Badm-                                                                  inton (Men)
16. Merdeka Cup                    -               Football (Asia)
17. Kings Cup Race                -             Air Races                                                                          (England)
18. Davis Cup                          -            Lawn Tennis 
19. Colombo Cup Troph        -             Football
20. Hopman Cup                     -           Lawn Tennis 

National Trophies Associated with Sports

Here are some important National Trophies Associated with Sports names which are very popular and very important for competitive exams. These are some Important Ntional Trophies Asoociated with Sports.

1. Aga Khan Cup                     -               Hockey
2. Brna Bellack Cup                -               Table Tennis 
3. Beighton Cup                       -               Hockey
4. Bombay Gold Cup.              -               Hockey
5.  Burdwan Trophey .           -              Weight Lifting 
6. Wellington Trophy             -               Rowing
7. Subroto Mukherjee Cup.   -              Football
8. Scindia Gold Cup                -              Hockey
9. Santosh Trophy                   -             Football
10. Ranjit Trophy                      -              Cricket 
11. Rangaswani Cup                 -              Hockey
12. Moin Ud Daula Gold Cup. -              Cricket
13. Lady Ratan Tata Trophy . -              Hockey
14. I.F.A Shield                          -               Football 
15. Ezra Cup .                            -                Polo 
16. Durand Cup.                       -                 Football
17. Duleep Trophy .                 -                Cricket
18. Dr. B.C. Roy Trophy          -                Hockey
19. D.C.M. Trophy .                 -                Football

These are the names of some Important National and International Trophies Associated with Sports.

Awards and Honours

General Knowledge

Awards and Honours

Here are some important Awards and honours names which are very popular and very important for competitive exams. These are some Important Awards and Honours

1) Param Vir Chakra: The highest Gallantry Award. 

2) Mahavir Chakra: the second highest Gallantry Award.  

3) Vir Chakra: The third highest Gallantry Award

4)Ashok Chakra: The highest peacetime Gallantry award

5) Kirti Chakra: Fro conpicuous Gallantry

6) Shaurya Chakra: For an act of Gallantry

Bharat Ratna    

* It is the highest civilian award of India. 

* The firs three recipients of Bharat Ratna was C. Rjagopalchari, Dr. S. Radhakrishnan and Dr. C.V. Raman

Padma Awards

* Padma Vibhushan: The second highest civilian award given for exceptional and distinguished service.
* Padma Bhushan: the third highest cilivian award given for distinguished service of a high order.
* Padma Shri: The fourth highest civilian award given for distinguished service.

Bharatiya Jnanpith Award

* Instituted in 22 May, 1961, carries a cash prize of 11 lakh, a citation and a bronze replica of Vagdevi (Saraswati).

* This award is given for the best literary listed in eight schedule of the Indian Constitution.

Gandhi Peace Prize 

Established in 2 Octover, 1994. It carries a cash prize of 1 crore. 

Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development

This prestigious award is instituted in 1985 and regarded as Nobel and over the years it has been awarded to those persons who have done outstanding work for international peace, disarmament and development. 

Dadasaheb Phalke Award

It is highest award in cinema. 

It is presented annualy at the National Film Awards ceremony by the directorate of film festival 

Borlaug Award

Intituted to honour outstanding agricultural scientists. 

Instituted in 1973, carries a cash price of Rs. 1 lakh. 

Sahetya Academy Awards        

Sahitya Academy gives 22 awards for literry works in the languages which has recognized works. Awarded for outstanding literary work and carries a cash prize of Rs. 1 lakh.                 
These are some very popular and Important Awards and Honours.

Important Dynasties in Ancient India

Important Dynasties in Ancient India

Here are some important Important Dynasties in Ancient India names which are very popular and very important for competitive exams. These are some Important Dynasties in Ancient India.

The Haryanaka Dynasty (544-412 B.C.)

1) Bimbisara was the first ruler and founder of Haryanka dynasty, The capital of the kingdom was Rajagriha. 

2) He strengthened his position by matrimonial alliances. He took three wives: daughter of the King Kosala, Challana and daugher of the chief of the Madra clan of Punjab. 

3) Bimbisara was succeeded by his son Ajatasatru who killed his father and seized the throne for himself.  

4) Bimbisara Send Jivaka to Ujjain for the tratment of King Pradyota, the king of Avanti. 

5)He was contemporary to Lord Mahvira and Lord Buddha and a follower of Buddhism. 

6) He built the fort upon the confluence of the Ganga and son at Patna. 

* He shifted the capital from the Rajagriha to Pataliputra. 

Shishunaga Dysnasty(412-344 B.C.)

* The last Haryanka ruler, Nagadasaka, was killed by his coutier Shishunaga in 412 B.C. who became the king and founded the Shishunaga Dynasty. 

* The last ruler of Shishunaga dynasty was Nandivardhan. 

Nanda Dynasty(344-412 B.C.)

* Mahapadmananda eshtablished the Nanda dynasty into a powervul empire. 

* Last ruler of Nanda dynasty was Dhanananda. He was contemporary of Alexander

* The Nanda dynasty had a huge army consisting 2,00,000 infantry, 20,000 war chariots and 3,000 war elephants. 

*Alexander invansion of India took place in 326 B.C. During the reign of Dhanananda. 

The Mauryan Empire(322-185 B.C.)

* Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of this dynasty.

* Chandragupta Maurya defeated the king Dhanananda with the help of Chanakya. 

* Its Capital was Pataliputra.

* Ashok Stambh of Sarnath was adopted as national emblem of India. 

* The Plalace of Chandragupta was made of wood Bindusara.
These are some important Dynasties in Ancient India.

Later Vedic Period

Later Vedic Period (1000-600 BC)

* The Later Vedic society came to be divided into four varnas called the Brahmanas, Rajanyas or Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and Shudras, each varna was assigned with its duty. 

* The fourth varna was deprived of the sacred thread ceremony, and with it began the imposition of disabilities on the shudras. 

* All the three higher varnas shared on common feature, they were known as Dvijas. 

* The worst position is reserved for the Shudra. They were called the servants of another. 

* Women were generally given a lower position.

* Ashramas or the four stages of life were created in the Post-Vedic time. 

*The four ashramas werre: Brahmachari or a student, Grihastha or householder, Vanaprashtha or partial retirement and Sanyasa or full withdrawal from the world.

Kingdom of the Later Vedic Period

Location                                        Kingdom 

1) Bareilly, Badayun and       -    Panchal 

Farukhabad in U.P. 

2)Northern region of

 Uttar Pradesh                        -   Kushinagar

3) Modern Varanasi              -   Kashi

4)Faizabad in Uttar 

Pradesh                                   -     Koshal

5) Near Amritsar                  -     Southern madra

6) Kashmir                            -    Uttara Madra

7) Near Kangra                    -      Eastern Madra

8) On the bank of Beas      -       Gandhar 

river east o Gandhar 

kingdom

* Prajpati, the Creator, came to occupy a Supreme position in the later Vedic Period. 

* During the sixth and fourth centuries BC, Magadha, became the most powerful Mahajanpada. 

* The earlies capital of Magadha was at Rajgir, which was called Girivraja at that time.
These are Some Important Facts about Later Vedic Period.

       

The Vedic Period

The Vedic Period

* The Vedic Period or the Vedic age refers to the period when the Vedic Sanskrit texts were composed in India. 

* Division of Vedic Civilization-

1) Rigvedic Period: (1500-1000 BC)

2) Post Vedic Period: (1000-600 BC)

* The early Aryans setteled in Punjab and Afghanistan. 

* Literally ' Aryans' means the ' best' or 'eminent'. 

* The Aryans are supposed to have migrated from Central Asia into the Indian Subcontinent in several stages during 2000 to 1500 B.C. 

* Max Muller stated that Aryans originated from Area around the Caspian Sea in central Asia. 

* Aryan used Sanskrit language. 

* In order to prove their suupremacy the Aryans called themselves "The Aryans" and they called their oppenets "Anarya", "dasyu" or "Das".

* The Rigveda (150-1000 BC) consists of 1028 hyms. These hyms were sung in honour of various gods and and were recited by Hotri. 

* The Yajur Veda is a book of sacrificial prayer. It is written in both verse and prose. 

The Gaytri Mantra had been discovered from the Rig Veda.

* The Sindhu and its tributaries are called Sapta Sindhu.

 * The Sama Veda consists of 1549 hymns. 

* The Atharva Veda is book of magical formulae which reflects the popular4 conventions and rituals of that period. 

* The Brahmans were composed after the Vedas to explain hymns of the Vedas. They are written in prose and rituallistic in nature. 

Brahmans and their Veda

1) Aitareya and Kaushitiki or Shankhyan. - Rigveda

2) Panchvisa (Tandya Mahabrahman. Shadvinsh Branhman, Jaiminiya Brahman. - Samveda

3) Shatapath(the oldest and the largent Brahman) and Taittariya.- Yajurveda 

4) Gopath ( A treatise on Medical Science, charms and magic. -Atharva Veda

* The Aranyakas were written mainly for the hermits and the jungle living students. 

* The Upanishadas are anti ritualisttic discussing about the relations between Brahma(God) and Jiva (Creature). 

* Upanishadas are philosophical texts and are called Vedanta as they came towards the end of the Veda.

* Vrihadaranyaka is the oldes Upanishadas among all the 108 Upanishadas. 

* In the  bloody and decisive battle on the banks of river Parushni, the Bharatas emerged victorious. 

* According to Rigveda, the famous Dasrajan Yuddha or the battle of ten kings was fought be3tween Sudas, a Bharat King of the Tristu family, and the confederacy of ten well-known trives- Puru, Yadu, Tarvasa, Anu, Druhyu, Alina, Paktha, Bhalnas, Siva and Vishanin 

* Sabha and Samiti (Popular Assemblies controlled the affairs of Vedic Stated. These two assembllies wrere called the two daughters of Prajapati. 

* The King was responsible for the protection of the trice. 

* The Vedic Aryans worshipped the forces of nature such as Earth, Fire, Wind, Rain and Thunder; thier main occupation was cattle rearing.

* Vedang were composed during post-vedic period. Shiksha, Kalpa, Vyakaran, Nirukta, Chhanda and Jyotish are the six vedangas. 

* Upvedas were composed afer vedangas. 

* Puranas means ' the old' and they are 18 in number. 

* Ashtadhyayi is the first grammar of the world written by Panini. 

* The Ramayana and the Mahabharata are the two Indian epics. 

* Darshans are the auxiliary treatise of the Vedas. The six schools of Indian philosophy are called Shad Darshan.

*Literally "Smiriti' means 'remembrance'.  The Smritis were composed during Gupta's period.

Important facts of Indus Valley Civilisation

Some Important facts of Indus Valley Civilisation 

These are some important facts about Indus Valley Civilisation which will help you to grow up your kbowledge.

* Harappan cotton was called 'Sindon' by the Greeks.

* English Bound System: The way of fitting the bricks in making walls. In this system one large of bricks is placed in length and the other layer is made by placing the bricks widthwise. 

* The Sumerian texts refer to two intermediate stations- Dilmun(Bahrain) and Makan. It also refers to trade relation with ' Meluha'- the name given to the Indus region. 

*A community which worshipped rivers was called 'Dariyapanthi' in Indus Civilisation. 

* The name of Indus Script was ' Boustrophondon' . It is written from right to left and thenj left to right. 

* The traces of Sati system is found in Lothat (Joint Burial).

* Ziggurat: The temples of Sumeria. 

*The evidence of coins is not found. Barter is assumed to have been the method of exchange of goods.  

* Liipstic was been discovered from Chahundaro and black eastern bangles from Kalibangan. Pastry rollar and board and bowls have been discoverred from Alamgirpur Meerut. 

* The Harappan did not worship their gods in temple. They did not worship the cow as we do today. 

* Mercahnts were the ruling class of Indus Civilization 

* The origin of 'swastika' is discovered from the Indus Civilization. 

* Indra, the commander of Aryan, is accused of causing the decline of their civilzation. 

Indus Valley Civilization information

Indus Valley Civilisation.

* R.B. Dayaram Sahni first discovered this civilization.

* The civilization flourished arount the Indus river basin and its tributaries, consisting of modern Pakistan and northwestern India. 

* The Indus Valley Civilization was a unique Bronze Age civilization and one of the most ancient urban civilization in the world. 

* Houses, often two-storey and spacious, lined up on the streets; there was well drainage system resulting in the bricklined sewers.

The main streets ran from north to south varied from 9 to 34 feet in width, roads, especially in Mohenjo-Daro has a width of 10.5 meter. The Harappa has wide roads of width of 30 feet. 

* domesticated animals included gods and cats, humped and sea cattle, poultry, and possibly pigs, camels and buffalo. 

*lothal uktagendor and Allahdin in the cities of the Harappan civilization were the major parts.

* Women were given high honour in society. Family was regulated in the name of mother. 

* In the valley of the Indus Civilization had four different classes in which the society was divided, i.e. Scholars, warriors, businessmen and labourers.

* In the valley of the Indus people used inrrigation-based agriculture.

* Harappan people had features of hinduism, such as worship of mother goddess, Pashupati Shiva, sacred animals, trees e.t.c.

*There was an impressive building which was used as a public bath.

Indus Valley Sites-Excavators

1) Harappa-1921-Dayaram Sahni

2) Mohenjodaro- 1922-R.D. Banerjee

3) Sutkagendor-1927- Aurel Stein, George

4) Dalesamri-1929- M.G. Majumdar

5) Chanhudaro-1931- M.G. Majumdar

6) Rangpur-1931- M.S. Vats

7) Kot Diji-1935-Fazal Khan

8) Dabarkot-1935- Maichake

9) Killi Ghul Mohammad-1950-Faiservis

10) Kalibangan-1953-A. Ghosh

11) Roper-1953-Y.D. Sharma

12)Lothal-1957-S.R. Rao 

13)Surkotads-1964-Jagatpati Ghosh

14) Dholvira-1967-J.P. Joshi

History

History

Pre-Historic Period

* Prehistory is the period from the time that modern humans first appear until the appearance of recorded history following the invention of writing systems. 

* Pre-historic period is divided into three section- 

1) Stone age

2) Bronze age 

3) Iron age

* Stone age is also divided into three periods, i.e. 

1) Palaeolithic Age

2) Mesolithic Age

3) Neolithic Age

* The Greater part of the Ice Age is coverd by the Lower Palaeolithic Age. Here people used tgop eat fruits, birds and raw animal flesh e.t.c. and tools usually made of hard roch. 

* In Middle Palaeolithic age a bit change occurred in the shape of tools made of stones or bones. 

* In Upper Palaeolithic age, humans lived as nomadic hunter gatherers. 

* Mesolithic Age was an intermediate stage in the stone age. It ended with the introduction of Agriculture.

* Neolithic age was an age of polished tool culture. Tool making became an important profession and a variety of polished tools were manufactured. They learnt the art of pottery and their pots were well made and decorated with paintings. 

* They discovered the art of producing fire by the friction of stones and the wheel was also an important discovery of this age.

* Chalcolithic Age is marked by the use of copper as copper age. The economy was based on subsistence agriculture, stock-raising, hunting and fishing. 

* The chalcolithic people slaughtered animals for food. Neither they milked animal for dairy products nor did they practise cultivation. 

* It was the transitional stage when both bronze, copper and stone tools were used and humans started living settled in life. 

* Iron age was the last and main age of pre-historic period.

North America

North America

North America is founded by Columbus in 1492 AD. It is th Third Largest Continent in the world.
North America's Important Geographical Facts:-
1) North America is third largest Continent in the world.
1) North America is Surrounded by Atlantic Ocean in the east, Arctic Ocean in the North and Pacific Ocean in the west.
2) The Wood Buffalo National Park located in Alberta Povince of Canada is the World Largest National Park.
3) The Famous Software and Computer industry ' Sillicon Valley' is situated in San Francisco.
4) The boundry between Canada and USA is Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River.
5) North America is Separated from Asia by the Bering Strait.
6) Major Rivers of Continent North America:
1. River Arkansas.
2. River Ohio
3. River Yukon
4. River Colorado
5. River Columbia
6. River Frazer
7.River Churchill
7) Major Lakes:-
1. Great Bear Lake
2. Athabasca Lake
3.Great Slave Lake
4. Reindeer Lake
7) Largest Fresh Water Lake in the world is situated in North america i.e. Lake Superior
8) The highest peak of North America is situated in Alaska. i.e. Mt. Mackenzie active volcano.